How many people have known the father of diesel engines for more than a century?
There is no flat road on the road of science
Only those who climb up the steep mountain road without fear of danger
Only hope can reach the culmination of glory. . .
Before we start introducing the protagonist of this article, let’s take a look at the picture below.
Many people may wonder why there are two large oil drums hanging behind the military tank body. Is it not afraid that the oil barrels will be hit in the rain?
The original mysterious machine is only hidden in two words - diesel
Modern tanks use diesel engines as engines, while diesel fuels are diesel.
One of the characteristics of diesel is that it is not easy to point because diesel is difficult to volatilize and it is difficult to mix with air.
If you change to gasoline, then it is hard to say
During the Second World War, the US Sherman tank and the German Tiger tank used gasoline engines.
At that time, because the Sherman tank was hit on the battlefield, it was very easy to burn.
And everyone was ridiculed as "Langsen lighter" (a famous American lighter, the advertising word is "a dozen, every hit!")
However, the Soviet T-34 tank used a diesel engine that was not easy to catch fire after being shot, greatly improving the battlefield survival rate.
Picture: Sherman tank in the burning
When it comes to diesel engines, the potential impression in everyone’s mind is the image of heavy, noisy and black smoke.
However, it has been more than a century since the official birth of the diesel engine, and it has been continuously researched and improved by future generations.
Diesel engines have become smaller and more widely used
In terms of weight, volume, noise, particle emissions, etc., there are different levels of breakthroughs that can be almost equal to gasoline engines.
These breakthroughs have better demonstrated the advantages of high torque, high life, low fuel consumption and low emissions of diesel engines.
Now that crude oil prices continue to rise, diesel engines have become the most practical means of solving automotive energy problems.
When we talk about lights, we will think of Edison for the first time, and the steam engine will soon be able to tell its inventor Watt.
But if you say that the contribution to human society is no less than the above two diesel inventors, I am afraid that not many people know the father of diesel engines - Rudolf Diesel
Dissel was born in Paris on March 18, 1858.
His father is a German shoemaker and his mother is a French teacher.
When Diesel was twelve years old, the Franco-Prussian War broke out because his German-born Dissel family had to flee back to their hometown of Germany.
At the age of 14, Dissel had already defined his future goals. He wrote to his parents, "Dear father and mother. My biggest wish is to be a real mechanic. I don't think any other profession will be like this profession. Can make me successful."
Diesel did not live up to his wishes
In 1875, he was awarded a scholarship to be admitted to the Technical University of Munich as a top student. The University of Munich was the most famous institution of the time.
During the schooling period, I was deeply impressed by the inefficiency of steam engine work. Diesel quietly buried a seed in his heart - designing a new type of engine.
In order to start researching the engine, Diesel consulted a lot of information.
The Carnot cycle proposed by French engineer Carnot brought his attention.
According to the idea of ​​the Carnot cycle, Diesel created his own set of cyclic processes and design ideas.
The Carnot cycle consists of four processes, namely isothermal compression, re-adiabatic compression, isothermal expansion, and re-adiabatic expansion.
Figure: How the diesel engine works
"The piston compresses the air in the cylinder so that the air temperature exceeds the fuel ignition point. The fuel is gradually injected at the top dead center, and the isothermal combustion can be performed due to the downward movement of the piston" - Diesel's original in the patent specification
Using these ideas, Diesel started a long and arduous research experiment like a demon.
During the study period, in order to maintain the basic expenses of the family and support the parents, Diesel worked in the machinery factory during the day.
And all other spare time is devoted to research thermodynamics and to start developing their own new engine.
In 1892, he filed a patent application for this new type of engine. In the same year, he built the first compression-ignition internal combustion engine, the diesel engine.
Figure: Diesel machine patent certificate
In the first test, because of the structural strength of the compression ignition internal combustion engine
The parts on the cylinder are flying like a cannonball. The smoke in the exhaust pipe is full of disaster. It is a disaster scene, causing casualties.
But Diesel is not discouraged, regaining confidence and starting a second trial.
The diesel engine of this test can run independently for more than one minute, a total of 88 revolutions. Finally, the cylinder melts due to excessive temperature.
In response to failure, Diesel constantly improved and perfected the diesel engine
After nearly 20 years of exhaustive research, in January 1897, the first "real" compression ignition diesel engine was officially born.
Picture: The first real compression ignition diesel engine was born in 1897
It weighs 4.5 tons and has a total efficiency of 25.6%, which is twice the equivalent of the best steam engine at the time.
The cycle process perfectly realizes the Carnot cycle, and the birth of this diesel engine completely shakes the entire continent of Europe.
In 1898, Diesel has applied for 141 patents in 37 countries, and many factories have cooperated with him and purchased manufacturing rights.
Diesel suddenly became rich from poverty.
And because the invention of diesel engines enjoys a high reputation and status in society.
Can you see that this is not the complete routine of a scientist’s life?
It’s hard work, never give up and research a masterpiece that can promote human progress, and finally go to the peak of life.
Photo: "Pedit. Pierre", with the signature of Diesel on board
But this may not be the same as everyone thought.
Diesel has made a name for himself in scientific research, but he is completely white in business operations.
Maybe because his competitors have already finished installing the gasoline engine into the vehicle, he is worried.
(In 1886, German engineer Carl Bentz developed the world's first three-wheeled car, which was driven by a four-stroke gasoline engine. In the same year, another German engineer Daimler also developed a four-wheeled car driven by a four-stroke gasoline engine. .)
Figure: Diesel and workers at the show
Diesel couldn't wait to put it into production when the diesel engine was still unstable. These diesel engines that were put on the market were returned because the technology was not hard.
This has brought a huge reputation loss to Diesel, and the diesel engine has been greatly discounted in the hearts of the public. In the following years, almost no manufacturers are willing to assemble diesel engines.
Figure: How the four-stroke diesel engine works
Without the source of funds and income, Diesel was in poverty and had to sell the huge mansion he was living in at the time.
And the physical condition of the gout that has fallen from gout due to overwork in youth is also deteriorating.
Knowing that the business was not good, Düssel decided to sell all the patents and usage rights to the largest local manufacturer, no longer owning one of his own factories and laboratories.
On September 29, 1913, at the invitation of the British government, he went to London to attend a new engine consultation meeting. Diesel boarded the ship that made him go back.
The two companions who accompanied him were Karel and Lukeman. The three of them had a leisurely walk on the deck after dinner, and then they returned to their rooms.
But after the separation between the two companions and Diesel, the world has not seen Dissel again, a living person disappears directly from the ship.
At the time, the beds and pajamas in the room of Dissel were stacked neatly on the bed, like Diesel was going to go to bed.
I have not found the clues and evidence about the whereabouts of Diesel.
A week later, two Dutch fishermen salvaged a dead body.
It was confirmed by the son that it was the body of Diesel, but because the body was badly rotted, only the belongings were brought back.
At that time, there were various conjectures about Diesel’s death, suicide, misconduct or conspiracy theory?
Picture: Dresden’s last Dresden
Because Diesel died on the eve of the First World War, a conjecture at the time was that when the war broke out, the German government secretly killed Diesel and smashed the body in order not to let the technology of this new engine be introduced into the UK. Sea
Others say that it is because Diesel’s diesel engine will use more environmentally friendly and cheaper fuel to power it, which will threaten the interests of the oil tycoon at the time, and the oil tycoon hired the mafia to kill it.
But at the time, there was more evidence that Dissel was committing suicide. At that time, the inventor who was over half a hundred years was heavily in debt due to poor investment and was heavily in debt.
Plus his body was getting worse and worse, his spirit was extremely weak.
His son Eugene Diesel thought that a passage from a book he liked during his lifetime might reflect his psychological state before his death.
"Some people have nothing at all, and then they finally rely on some kind of talent for them to get a lot of wealth, and the end result turns to poverty. The reason is that once their natural capital is exhausted, they will no longer profit.... or, This kind of talent can only play a role in a specific situation. Once the time has passed, the heroes of nature are useless."
Diesel exhausted his life for the development, production and promotion of diesel engines.
He dreamed that he saw that the diesel engine he invented could be loaded on the car as large as it is now.
Ten years after Diesel’s death, MAN finally launched the first diesel engine on the truck at the Berlin Motor Show.
Until Diesel’s 23 years of death, Mercedes-Benz created the first diesel-powered sedan.
To today's 100% heavy-duty vehicles and 40% of passenger cars, the diesel engine invented by Mr. Diesel
In order to commemorate the diesel engine invented by Mr. Diesel, we can see the words "Diesel" on the engine by turning on these diesel-powered cars.
This name comes from our great inventor Diesel
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