Car millimeter wave radar 77GHz will replace 24GHz as the mainstream

In order to realize the dream of autonomous driving and V2X, the millimeter wave radar has been used in high-end cars in the last century, but the low level of technology and high cost have affected the application of millimeter wave radar in vehicle intelligence. universal. With the advancement of technology and technology, millimeter-wave radars with smaller size, lower power consumption, better performance and lower price have once again demonstrated the importance of driving in autonomous vehicles. As an important sensor of the automotive ADAS system, will the 77GHz millimeter wave radar replace the 24GHz mainstream? When will the popularization and price advantage of the COMS process millimeter-wave radar be popular?

Achieving automatic driving millimeter wave radar essential 77GHz will replace 24GHz

Automated driving has received a lot of attention in recent years, but the realization of autonomous driving cannot be achieved overnight. Professor Bai Jie, Chairman of Suzhou Haomibo Technology Co., Ltd. told Huaqiang Electronics: “Many manufacturers have made a lot of efforts to achieve automatic driving of L5 (SAE). In fact, in the 1980s, some people started to do V2X. Auto-driving through magnetically guided cars on the highway found that it was not feasible. Later, Mercedes-Benz and Nissan cars were equipped with millimeter-wave radar to achieve some auto-driving functions, but the cost of a single millimeter-wave radar of $100,000 allowed many automakers. It is discouraged."

Today, the industry is hoping for multi-sensor fusion. Bai Jie said that multi-sensor fusion can be divided into distributed, centralized and distributed centralized. Regardless of the fusion method used, it is necessary to understand that among the types of sensors commonly used in automobiles, the visual sensor is cheap, but the two-dimensional information is obtained, and there is no depth information. Lidar is less restricted by the environment, and has higher accuracy and accuracy, but it is expensive. The millimeter-wave radar has depth information to provide the target's distance. By detecting its Doppler shift, the target's speed can be extracted. More importantly, the millimeter-wave radar cost is more acceptable than Lidar.

With the increasing demand for active safety regulations for automotive advanced driving assistance (ADAS), the number of radar sensors installed in automobiles is also increasing. Generally speaking, at least 1 long + 4 medium short and 5 millimeter wave radars, medium and short millimeter waves The radar is mainly based on 24GHz. In this regard, Qi Lianying, technical director of Mu Niu Technology, said: "24GHz millimeter wave radar is slightly more in BSD (blind zone detection) applications, because the application of BSD is mainly to remind the driver, do not intervene control, so the functional performance requirements of the product are compared. Low, the price is also more acceptable to manufacturers. But in fact, 77GHz is still very much, ACC radar is almost all 77GHz. I think in this car radar, the current 77GHz band, 24GHz is replaced, the only challenge is the price. Another industry insider told reporters that TIer1 manufacturers believe that 24GHz millimeter wave radar is only a transitional solution. In the long run, 77GHz is the mainstream.

77GHz millimeter wave radar design challenges many small and medium-sized manufacturers still rely on 24GHz

As for why the 77GHz millimeter-wave radar can become the mainstream in the future, Zhou Kunming, general manager of Hunan Naray Technology Co., Ltd. said: "In the context of the increase in the number of millimeter-wave radars required for automobiles, it requires smaller size, lower power consumption, and lower price. Millimeter wave radar. From the application point of view, 24GHz millimeter wave radar is mainly used in the lateral direction, the detection distance is between 50-70 meters, 77GHz is mainly used in the forward direction, and the detection distance is between 150-250 meters. The radar internal system of the frequency band is consistent with the signal processing detection method. The main difference is the hardware difference. The front-end monolithic integrated circuit MMIC and the radar antenna high-frequency PCB board are the hardware core of the millimeter-wave radar. The biggest advantage of the 77GHz is that the antenna is a three-pointer of 24GHz. One, the same volume can make more channels, the recognition accuracy is higher, and the penetration ability is stronger."

The 77GHz millimeter wave radar has obvious advantages and the design challenges are equally obvious. Qi Lianying said: "The design challenge of 77GHz is reflected in many aspects, such as antenna. The traditional 24GHz antenna only needs 250MHz bandwidth. Most of the current 77GHz antenna has 600MHz bandwidth, and the next generation 79GHz has 4GHz bandwidth, broadband antenna. The design is more difficult. In addition, the 77GHz frequency is higher and the wavelength is shorter. For RF traces, the antenna feeders are required to be higher. In addition, the 24GHz PCB traces can be punched, and 77GHz will not work. PCB plate-making for manufacturers process control Capabilities, such as copper thickness, line width tolerance requirements are higher. On the digital side, 77GHz generally uses more complex processing algorithms, such as MIMO, multi-dimensional FFT algorithm, etc., and is not the same as 24GHz." Insiders also told reporters: "The challenge for 77GHz to replace the 24GHz medium and short-range radar is that the beamwidth is small. In short distances, the coverage is not as wide as the 24GHz radar. It requires technological breakthroughs or increased radar numbers."

Zhou Kunming also said: "To break through the 77GHz millimeter wave radar, it faces the challenges of reliability, high precision and performance. The reliability requires the radar to be extremely reliable, and can achieve no false alarms, no false negatives, no false alarms. High precision The angular accuracy error is required to be within 1 degree, the distance accuracy is within 1 meter and has high resolution. The application challenges are not only to meet the unmanned system application, target output, but also to adapt to various application scenarios. Breaking through the key of 77GHz. The domestic 77GHz key hardware design has been basically mastered, which can meet the basic application of the product. The most important thing is that there are still big differences in soft power, mainly in signal processing, data combing, and key strategies. The 77GHz radar prototype is not difficult, but the distance, accuracy and so on are still far from the indicators of international advanced manufacturers."

However, even if the technology has yet to be broken and the current global millimeter wave radar market is dominated by several giants, the monopoly and early high cost, unable to meet the individual needs and other factors have led many manufacturers to see the breakthrough of 77GHz millimeter wave. Opportunity. Zhou Kunming further stated: "Our millimeter-wave radar will avoid the sharp focus of market competition, and at the same time, our development costs are lower and we understand the needs of Chinese customers. The industry is large enough and the gross profit margin is high enough. There will be opportunities in the Blue Wave market in Potra."

The 77GHz millimeter wave radar is indeed an opportunity for Chinese manufacturers, but for the survival of enterprises, 24GHz may be a better choice for small and medium-sized manufacturers. Bai Jie said: "The millimeter wave radar has been reduced from the price of 100,000 US dollars to the current price of 100 US dollars for more than 10 years. Until 2010, millimeter wave radar manufacturers can make money. Such a long time can not make money, enterprises Survival will face great challenges. Even if it is now very hot and unmanned, it will be very difficult if it is not invested for 3 years. The 24GHz product can help the company realize its realization and realize the long-term development of the company. We have already mass production. The 24GHz medium-range millimeter-wave radar (80m) also introduced the 77GHz radar camera all-in-one product.” Nai Lun Technology Zhou Kunming also said: “Our millimeter wave radar products focus on individuality under the premise of ensuring hardware safety and power consumption stability. To understand and understand customers is our advantage. We have already launched the 77GHz product, but currently it is mainly 24GHz, because 24Ghz products can help us make money."

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