Based on PC measurement and control technology, application in building automation system

The design of the new Virtual Engineering Center (ZVE) is as innovative as its internal scientific research. The flexible and all-round building automation system creates unlimited possibilities and can save energy as a whole. The system integrator Herrmann GmbH & Co. KG implemented this complex automation solution. In the planning and construction phase, Herrmann adopted Beckhoff's open control technology to help it cope with various changes well.

The open atrium of ZVE is deliberately set up at the junction of the stairs to create a close connection between different working floors, which greatly reduces the barriers to vertical communication

The Fraunhofer Institute for Labor Economics and Organization (IAO) [Industrial Engineering Organization] in Stuttgart, Germany mainly deals with issues related to local workplaces and personnel. IAO’s scientific knowledge is mainly applied to engineering virtual planning—for example, as a digital planning and construction process, and 3D visualization in virtual reality—integrated into the design of the virtual engineering center, which was officially opened to the public in June 2012 . This building accommodates researchers and engineers from different disciplines, all of whom are engaged in these technologies and innovative work and office concepts.

ZVE's office and experimental areas are distributed on four floors, covering an area of ​​more than 3,200 square meters, surrounded by an open atrium, making the traditional strict separation of laboratories and office areas a thing of the past. In fact, the main functional areas of scientific work—laboratories, office areas, and meeting rooms—are staggered spatially, thereby minimizing walking distance and optimizing communication within the team. The daily workplace is not a specific office or laboratory, but based on the current tasks and resource requirements, it is only selected when it is used. The closer you are to the open core of the various areas inside the building, the quieter it is to ensure that employees can concentrate on their work. In addition, the use of office workstations on each floor has become more flexible.

The Virtual Engineering Center in Stuttgart, Germany provides a highly modern environment for researching innovative workplaces and processes

As cutting-edge as the building itself is its internal energy technology, as Heinz Kühner, the building director of Fraunhofer IAO responsible for the ZVE project, explained: “Our energy solution is based on a geothermal system that uses more than 170 The meter-long geothermal probe is used to recover renewable energy below the surface. In addition, it is supplemented by a heat exchanger. The ceiling uses an activated concrete core for cooling and heating of the base load. In addition to water-filled pipes, There are many air-filled plastic balls in the ceiling. The hollow board of the ceiling reduces the amount of concrete required, so the static load supports a larger space span and column-free space. The automatic sprinkler system fire water tank is used to store the waste heat of the building , Such as waste heat from high-performance projectors in computer rooms or virtual reality labs."

The integrated building automation system makes full use of 7000 data points to control heating, ventilation, lighting, shading, and individual room control according to current needs. In addition, the energy measurement and monitoring system will also analyze the effects of these control measures. This creates an ideal baseline to make the most economical building operation possible. Innovative installation of the building’s infrastructure has achieved great success-through the use of materials that absorb low-frequency noise components for sound insulation, LED lighting technology control based on occupancy, daylight and working methods, and air quality monitoring through carbon dioxide concentration-Germany The Sustainable Building Council (DGNB) issued a gold certificate for this.

In addition, Beckhoff's PC-based open control technology has extremely high flexibility, which is one of the indispensable advantages to meet the high requirements of ZVE, because of the wide diversity of work areas. Martin Balb, Fraunhofer IAO’s building supervisor, explained: “Our staggered office area plan has expanded from traditional cellular offices and team offices to group offices and open office areas. The appropriate professional groups can be deployed as needed. Or multi-disciplinary teams are brought together. First of all, it is important to respond quickly to various job requirements and integrate the right employees with appropriate office functions." System integrator Herrmann's building automation team leader Michael Falkenstein added: "In order to successfully implement flexibility in building facilities, it is very important to be able to rebuild at any time. Therefore, we have completely eliminated hard wiring. Two CX5020 series embedded controllers are responsible for controlling all functions on each floor. The I/O data points are connected to the BK9050 Ethernet bus coupler through the corresponding bus terminal module located in the wall. The entire lighting technology is flexibly integrated using the bus system through the DALI protocol. Therefore, the possible reconstruction of the control area (need to do the corresponding Adjustments) without any restrictions."

For Heinz Kühner, the main reason for choosing the Beckhoff PC control system is the openness of the system: "Due to the large number of cooperative companies, it is obvious that many different bus systems need to be covered during the planning stage. PC control is an open The control technology makes the ideal way possible at low prices without the need for complex special solutions. In addition, the system integrator Herrmann not only has a deep background in the field of building automation and control technology, but also has many years of experience in the use of Beckhoff technology."

This is an area where Michael Falkenstein can make full use of his knowledge: "Our previous project did not require the integration of so many different bus systems into the ZVE building. For example, a professional bus for electrically controlled windows must be integrated. We are implementing this A special LON gateway is used in one step, and then integrated into the Beckhoff system through the LON bus terminal module KL6401. In short, heterogeneous automation technology can be implemented quickly and flexibly through PC control technology. The powerful System Manager in the Beckhoff TwinCAT software has Many advantages, including the ability to integrate bus systems simply and efficiently, and even our own complex HVAC function library. Such a complex project can usually only be implemented with various Beckhoff bus terminal modules at a reasonable cost. "Media Technology is designed for ZVE The integration of TwinCATCrestron Server has proven feasible in the early stages of the project. The plan will be implemented in a larger conference room and a 3D interactive laboratory.

MarTIn Balb sees another advantage of the openness of the system: "Due to technological progress, some changes have taken place in the continuous planning and construction process. For example, during the 2006 planning period, LED lighting technology was not provided in a transparent form. There was a An open system-such as a PC control system, we can adapt to these dynamic changes. Without it, all bus systems are likely to have to operate independently, which will incur huge installation, commissioning and maintenance costs."

The system integrator Herrmann & Co. used the PC control system to implement ZVE's complete measurement and control technology, namely the HVAC system and individual room control or lighting and shading control. There are 8 CX5020 embedded controllers used as floor controllers, the other 4 CX5020s are used as controllers for geothermal energy, heating/cooling, weather station and equipment control, and 2 CX9010s are used for floor DMX lighting control. A total of 56 Ethernet TCP/IP bus couplers BK9050 are used as data collectors for digital I/O and window contacts, as well as EnOcean and DALI components. In addition, two BK9050s are used to collect information in the sub-power distribution system. Then all these data are stored on the server of the building management system (BMS) and provided to the equipment management, energy measurement system and the network-based energy monitoring system in "atvise", each of which is implemented by Herrmann.

The communication systems used include real-time Ethernet as the controller network, OPC UA for communication with the server and as the MBE network, DALI for lighting control, EnOcean for motion sensors and temperature/illuminance measurement, and LON for window control , And DMX is used to control lamps and lighting effects. Michael Falkenstein explained: "There are a large number of controllers running in ZVE, and they will constantly communicate with each other. This will generate a very high amount of data, which can be easily processed through real-time Ethernet. In addition, we have used this The communication system has been around for quite some time, so I am very familiar with its advantages, such as collaborative functions, reliability and simple operation. In order to meet the need to integrate visualization and energy monitoring functions at the beginning of the planning, I chose OPC UA, which is very open. In addition, another advantage of OPC UA is that all variables already exist in the function block controlled by a separate room, which greatly reduces the engineering workload."

The topology of the automation system on the ZVE floor

From left to right: Michael Falkenstein, head of the building automation team of Herrmann, Heinz Kühner, building manager of Fraunhofer IAO, Oliver Heilig from Beckhoff, Bahlingen, Germany, and Fraunhofer IAO’s building supervisor station In front of the control cabinet of the HVAC equipment in the ZVE basement

The CX5020 floor controller completes the main task to ensure more energy-efficient building operations, namely individual room control, including lighting and shading control, as well as room air conditioning and primary energy supply. At the same time, we must not only pay attention to energy consumption, but also pay attention to improving the convenience of use. Therefore, the room uses mobile sensors and lighting control based on daylight and working methods to achieve the best automation solution. When necessary, you can raise the external sunshade to allow sunlight to enter to save energy; internal glare protection prevents excessive window glare in the workplace. In addition, for example, the building automation system can control all windows according to the indoor temperature to ventilate the building early in the summer, so that you can enjoy a cool and comfortable temperature at the beginning of work without additional cooling. Of course, users in the office have the highest operational priority, and then they can manually adjust the preset values ​​of the workplace according to their needs.

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